Microsoft Timeline

Date AnnouncementsMicrosoft Software Hardware (mainly IBM 1981-1992)
Mar 1975Microsoft Basic
program language
8-bit Microsoft Basic, written by Bill Gates & Paul Allen. Runs in just 4kb ROM as Altair Basic.  Click here for the launch.The MITS Altair 8800 — an 8-bit micro-computer kit with Intel 8080   processor
Aug 1980Microsoft Unix
using AT&T Unix source
16-bit Xenix, a multi-user, multi-tasking PLATFORM, licensed to OEMs. Also used for in-house development.Licenses for Intel, Tandy, Altos and SCO.
SCO release it for the IBM PC in Sep.1983.
Aug 1981Microsoft DOS
operating system
16-bit MS-DOS PC-DOS as rebranded for IBM — a single-user, single-tasking personal operating system, written by Tim Paterson. Runs in just 64kb RAM 16-bit original IBM PC with Intel 8088 processor, up to 256kb RAM and 160kb 5¼" floppy disk(s). Approx $AU3,500
1982AT&T broken up, to go into computers.In May, PC-DOS 1.1, then MS-DOS 1.25.
In July, their in-house network now running Xenix.
IBM Compatibles — Columbia, Compaq on 8086 processors & with 320kb disks.
1983AT&T markets Unix, competes with Xenix, but owns the standard.In March, PC-DOS 2.0 and MS-DOS 2.0, supporting a 10mb hard drive, sub-directories (folders), pipes, redirection and other Xenix / Unix-like features16-bit IBM XT with up to 640kb RAM, a 10mb Hard Drive and 360kb 5¼" disks. Approx $AU8,000-$10,000
1984Microsoft talks to IBM regarding a new GUI, multi-tasking platformIn August, PC-DOS 3.0 and MS-DOS 3.0, supporting a 32mb hard drive. In November, network support added in MS-DOS 3.1 with its file-and-record locking controls.16-bit IBM AT with 80286 processor, a 20mb Hard Drive and 1.2mb 5¼" disks. Approx $AU5,000-$8,500. Compatibles cheaper but compatibility issues arise.
Aug 1985New OS Platform
But a 32-bit Consumer GUI on a stable platform will take 16 years in arriving as Windows XP ☺
The old 8088 / 8086 processors operated in Real Mode, able to address a maximum 1mb of memory, and ran just a single process. But Protected Mode, especially in the upcoming 32-bit 80386 enabled memory paging and safe multi-tasking in up to 4gb RAM.So, Microsoft and IBM announce the Joint Development Agreement. IBM to build a new computer Personal System/2 (PS/2). Microsoft to write its new protected mode Operating System/2 (OS/2)
Nov 1985Microsoft Windows
Click here for extra history
16-bit Windows 1.0 runs on MS-DOS 2 & 3 using 256kb - 512kb RAM. Offers multi-tasking. But the memory maximum is still 1mb, and tasks need explicit programming to share processing time & memory.IBM's new computer is released in April 1987, the IBM Personal System/2 (PS/2) with 1.44mb 3½" disk, VGA screen & PS/2 mouse. Runs PC-DOS & Windows.
Nov 1987Windows 2.016-bit Windows 2.0 runs on MS-DOS 3, still with 1mb limit, but now with DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange)IBM's new operating system OS/2 v1.0.
Stays 16-bit for the PS/2 286. Text mode display.
May 1988Windows 2.116-bit Windows/286 & /386 with HMA access and V86-mode (on 386)OS/2 v1.1 on PS/2 in Oct 88. Now GUI.
May 1990Windows 3.016-bit Windows 3.0 runs on MS-DOS 3.1 also 4.0, 5.0, 6.0
Program Manager and now Protected memory support.
In Oct91, Multimedia extensions added in 3.00a
Collaboration with IBM unravels when IBM insist Windows be dropped. Instead, Microsoft recasts OS/2 as Windows NT.
Mar 1992Windows 3.116-bit Windows 3.1 runs on MS-DOS 3.1 also 4.0, 5.0, 6.0
Apple TrueType fonts, OLE object linking & embedding
32-bit OS/2 2.0 in April 1992 by IBM solo.
Supports multitasking of DOS / Windows.
Apr 1993Lots of New Names ☺
COM Framework:
OLE Developers SDK,
Visual C++ and the MFC Wrapper Library
COM: Model for interprocess communication. Clients to access Components (as Objects) via a binary interface's unique GUID.
In 1994, introduced visual OLE controls. Then, in between Visual Basic 4 & Visual Foxpro in 1995, and Visual J++ in Oct96, technology renamed ActiveX. ☺
After the disagreements over the previous 8 years, the clean break with IBM offered Microsoft a new start, culminating in Windows XP, 8 years later. Click here for a humorous 1993 email, possibly from IBM.
Jul 1993Microsoft Windows NTMeanwhile, OS/2 3.0 is now 32-bit Windows NT
1993 NT 3.1,   1994 NT 3.5,   1995 NT 3.51
32-bit Server and Desktop.
Stable but limited in hardware & games.
Aug 1995Windows 4.016 & 32-bit Windows 95 with MS-DOS 7 as boot loader.
Includes 16-bit Win3.1 code to run numerous 16-bit Windows games.

IE Browser, LongFileNames, PlugnPlay & DirectX.
Became the most successful operating system ever.
32-bit PC.
Easy to use though a little more unstable.
Says 4mb RAM but prefers 16 - 32mb
Jul 1996Windows NT 4.032-bit Windows NT 4 plus Active Server Pages in May97Server and Desktop.
Jun 1998Windows 4.116 & 32-bit Windows 98 using MS-DOS 7 still as boot loaderPC. Says 16mb RAM but prefers 64mb
Feb 2000Windows NT 5.032-bit Windows 2000Server and Desktop.
Sep 2000Windows 4.916 & 32-bit Windows Me using MS-DOS 8 as boot loader
Last of the 16-bit MS-DOS Kernels
PC. Says 32mb RAM but prefers 128mb
Oct 2001Windows NT 5.132-bit Windows XP both stable and easy to use
COM → .NET Framework with more secure Library
PC. Numerous hardware options
Says 64mb RAM but prefers 256mb
Apr 2003Windows NT 5.2Windows Server 2003Server
Nov 2006Windows NT 6Windows VistaPC. Says 512mb RAM but prefers 1 - 2gb
Feb 2008Windows NT 6Windows Server 2008Server
Oct 2009Windows NT 7Windows 7PC.

Windows Vista Takeup

The Australian
December 5th 2006

With respect to yearly sales of Windows, Apple and Linux,
research by technology analyst Gartner in 2006 shows current market share
and their predictions of market share through to 2010 to be as follows:

 20062007200820092010
Windows Vista Business0.0%4.2%15.3%28%39.1%
Windows Vista Home0.0%4.9%14%22%28.6%
Windows 2000 Professional14.9%9.1%4.8%2.5%1.4%
Windows XP Professional44.5%47%39.7%28.6%18%
Windows XP Home29.8%28.6%21.6%14.5%8.5%
Apple Mac OS2.5%2.4%2.4%2.4%2.4%
Linux1.6%1.9%2%2%1.9%

Windows XP looks like being around for some time to come - much to Microsoft's disappointment - given how much time - and money they've spent on Vista.

Addendum - In the Australian IT section, Tuesday May 5th 2009, IT research company Gartner says 1.25 billion computers are in action globally. This includes about 600million on Windows Vista, 550million on Windows XP, 36million on Mac OS and 30million on Linux.

Some personal reflections

Note that Apple, who write their own software and build their own machines, have historically catered to a niche (and very loyal) market: chiefly in desktop publishing, graphics, sound, and research i.e. cutting edge development.

Linux, on the other hand, is an open source operating system, based on Unix-like commands, and originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Accordingly, companies can only claim ownership rights to their version of the operating system, as each one carves out its own niche.

For all its difficulties, the biggest strength of Microsoft through the years, I believe, has been its continuity of service: i.e. numerous software packages with accompanying data files written using earlier versions of MS Windows have been regularly supported in later versions of Windows - at times for many years into the future. It is this continuity that provides assurance to the vast majority of business companies and individuals who rely on Microsoft, and is doubtless a lesson Microsoft learned from the original computer companies: IBM, NCR, etc.

This continuity of service, incidentally, many times does not apply to old hardware. This was the source of a major difficulty, of course, between Microsoft and IBM. For this reason, it has been recommended that users only upgrade their version of MS Windows when purchasing a new computer — or when the computer they own is less than 12 months old.