| Date | Announcements | Microsoft Software | Hardware (mainly IBM 1981-1992) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Mar 1975 | Microsoft Basic program language | 8-bit Microsoft Basic, written by Bill Gates & Paul Allen. Runs in just 4kb ROM as Altair Basic. Click here for the launch. | The MITS Altair 8800 — an 8-bit micro-computer kit with Intel 8080 processor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aug 1980 | 16-bit Xenix, a multi-user, multi-tasking PLATFORM, licensed to OEMs. Also used for in-house development. | Licenses for Intel, Tandy, Altos and SCO. SCO release it for the IBM PC in Sep.1983. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aug 1981 | Microsoft DOS operating system | 16-bit MS-DOS — PC-DOS as rebranded for IBM — a single-user, single-tasking personal operating system, written by Tim Paterson. Runs in just 64kb RAM |
16-bit original IBM PC with Intel 8088 processor, up to 256kb RAM and 160kb 5¼" floppy disk(s). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1982 | AT&T broken up, to go into computers. | In May, PC-DOS 1.1, then MS-DOS 1.25. In July, their in-house network now running Xenix. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1983 | AT&T markets Unix, | In March, PC-DOS 2.0 and MS-DOS 2.0, supporting a 10mb hard drive, sub-directories (folders), pipes, redirection and other Xenix / Unix-like features | 16-bit IBM XT with up to 640kb RAM, a 10mb Hard Drive and 360kb 5¼" disks. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1984 | Microsoft talks to IBM regarding a new GUI, | In August, PC-DOS 3.0 and MS-DOS 3.0, supporting a 32mb hard drive. In November, network support added in | 16-bit IBM AT with 80286 processor, a 20mb Hard Drive and 1.2mb 5¼" disks. Approx $AU5,000-$8,500. Compatibles cheaper but compatibility issues arise. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aug 1985 | New OS Platform | So, Microsoft and IBM announce the Joint Development Agreement. IBM to build a new computer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nov 1985 | Microsoft Windows Click here for extra history | 16-bit Windows 1.0 runs on MS-DOS 2 & 3 using | IBM's new computer is released in April 1987, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Windows 2.0 | 16-bit Windows 2.0 runs on MS-DOS 3, still with 1mb limit, but now with DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange) | IBM's new operating system OS/2 v1.0. Stays 16-bit for the PS/2 286. Text mode display. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| May 1988 | Windows 2.1 | | OS/2 v1.1 on PS/2 in Oct 88. Now GUI.
| May 1990 | Windows 3.0 | 16-bit Windows 3.0 runs on MS-DOS 3.1 also 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 | Program Manager and now Protected memory support. In Oct91, Multimedia extensions added in 3.00a Collaboration with IBM unravels when IBM insist Windows be dropped. Instead, Microsoft recasts OS/2 as Windows NT.
| Mar 1992 | Windows 3.1 | 16-bit Windows 3.1 runs on MS-DOS 3.1 also 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 | Apple TrueType fonts, OLE object linking & embedding Supports multitasking of DOS / Windows. Apr 1993 | Lots of New Names ☺ | COM Framework: OLE Developers SDK, COM: Model for interprocess communication. Clients to access Components (as Objects) via a binary interface's unique GUID. | In 1994, introduced visual OLE controls. Then, in between After the disagreements over the previous 8 years, the clean break with IBM offered Microsoft a new start, culminating in Windows XP, 8 years later. Click here for a humorous 1993 email, possibly from IBM.
| Jul 1993 | 32-bit Server and Desktop. | Stable but limited in hardware & games. Aug 1995 | Windows 4.0 | 16 & 32-bit Windows 95 with MS-DOS 7 as boot loader. | Includes 16-bit Win3.1 code to run numerous 16-bit Windows games. IE Browser, LongFileNames, PlugnPlay & DirectX. Became the most successful operating system ever. 32-bit PC. | Easy to use though a little more unstable. Says 4mb RAM but prefers 16 - 32mb Jul 1996 | Windows NT 4.0 | Server and Desktop.
| Jun 1998 | Windows 4.1 | 16 & 32-bit Windows 98 using MS-DOS 7 still as boot loader | PC. Says 16mb RAM but prefers 64mb
| Feb 2000 | Windows NT 5.0 | 32-bit Windows 2000 | Server and Desktop.
| Sep 2000 | Windows 4.9 | 16 & 32-bit Windows Me using MS-DOS 8 as boot loader | Last of the 16-bit MS-DOS Kernels PC. Says 32mb RAM but prefers 128mb
| Oct 2001 | Windows NT 5.1 | 32-bit Windows XP both stable and easy to use | COM → .NET Framework with more secure Library PC. Numerous hardware options | Says 64mb RAM but prefers 256mb Apr 2003 | Windows NT 5.2 | Windows Server 2003 | Server
| Windows NT 6 | Windows Vista | PC. Says 512mb RAM but prefers 1 - 2gb
| Windows NT 6 | Windows Server 2008 | Server
| Oct 2009 | Windows NT 7 | Windows 7 | PC.
| |
With respect to yearly sales of Windows, Apple and Linux,
research by technology analyst Gartner in 2006 shows current market share
and their predictions of market share through to 2010 to be as follows:
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows Vista Business | 0.0% | 4.2% | 15.3% | 28% | 39.1% |
| Windows Vista Home | 0.0% | 4.9% | 14% | 22% | 28.6% |
| Windows 2000 Professional | 14.9% | 9.1% | 4.8% | 2.5% | 1.4% |
| Windows XP Professional | 44.5% | 47% | 39.7% | 28.6% | 18% |
| Windows XP Home | 29.8% | 28.6% | 21.6% | 14.5% | 8.5% |
| Apple Mac OS | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
| Linux | 1.6% | 1.9% | 2% | 2% | 1.9% |
Windows XP looks like being around for some time to come - much to Microsoft's disappointment - given how much time - and money they've spent on Vista.
Addendum - In the Australian IT section, Tuesday May 5th 2009, IT research company Gartner says 1.25 billion computers are in action globally. This includes about 600million on Windows Vista, 550million on Windows XP, 36million on Mac OS and 30million on Linux.
Note that Apple, who write their own software and build their own machines, have historically catered to a niche (and very loyal) market: chiefly in desktop publishing, graphics, sound, and research i.e. cutting edge development.
Linux, on the other hand, is an open source operating system, based on Unix-like commands, and originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Accordingly, companies can only claim ownership rights to their version of the operating system, as each one carves out its own niche.
For all its difficulties, the biggest strength of Microsoft through the years, I believe, has been its continuity of service: i.e. numerous software packages with accompanying data files written using earlier versions of MS Windows have been regularly supported in later versions of Windows - at times for many years into the future. It is this continuity that provides assurance to the vast majority of business companies and individuals who rely on Microsoft, and is doubtless a lesson Microsoft learned from the original computer companies: IBM, NCR, etc.
This continuity of service, incidentally, many times does not apply to old hardware. This was the source of a major difficulty, of course, between Microsoft and IBM. For this reason, it has been recommended that users only upgrade their version of MS Windows when purchasing a new computer — or when the computer they own is less than 12 months old.