Etymologies of Phrases, Words, Alphabets
showing the origins of Biblical (and other) words in Hebrew (OT) and Greek (NT) and the way the meanings have changed through time
Regarding the etymology of the word etymology it is made up of two words "Etymon" — Origin / True Sense / Essence and "Logoi" — Words. The modern Greek word is "Eteos" — True, Real, or Genuine. In the Greek New Testament neither Eteos nor Etymon can be found, but two closely related Greek words are Etos — Years / Cycles (since the Origin of Adam) from which we get the modern word veteran and Eimi — translated as "I am" or "Essence of Being".
This word "Etymology" was Latinized by Cicero as Veriloquium — a true speech (translation). Brings to mind Pilate's words "What is truth i.e. not hidden?"
Jesus’s reply is of course not recorded and Pilate having had the last word, walks out. And he answers his own question in his next word to the Jewish leaders “I find in him no fault at all” and after Jesus has been scourged "Behold the man".
John 1:14 And the word “logos” (his intimate logic) became flesh (weak, exposed, and subject to the ravages of the years “etos”) and dwelt, encamped among us (where men and women could see him as he is “eimi”). And we have beheld his glory, his splendour, the splendour of the only-born of the Father, full of grace (favour) and truth (unhidden).
True, like a Tree, a vine tree, through many years, He is the vine, we are his branches. His words bring total protection, as long as we stay joined. The enemy’s fibs frequently involve shortcuts, bypass the time that God says is necessary for genuine fruit.
A close derivative of truth-speaker is "sooth-sayer" from "soo" — related to the Latin / Italian verb "sono" — the old English word "sinner" → In truth I am (guilty), In truth I am (judged) — I come up short, in debt. To miss the goal and prize in Greek, also in Hebrew. To stumble - peccare in Latin, French, Italian.
Similar and related English / Germanic words to guilt, under obligation that evolved around 1200-1400 were "yield" — Make payment or service, "gild / gilt" — Provide yellow, golden covering, "guild" — Become the governing body in a town, having different members but having the same trade / tread in life (and death).
Click here for four Hebrew words "Become", "Jehovah", "Living", "Live"
1 Cor13 Chatting about Love
Acceptable Time —
Behold, now is the accepted time, behold, now is the day of salvation.
See the four "
Aleph Bet — Ancient Hebrew with a modern day pronunciation guide.
Alphabets — Ancient Hebrew and the various scripts that developed from it: Greek and Latin and Cyrillic, Devanagari, and Arabic. Over in the far east Chinese Japanese and Korean on the other hand developed from an early, syllabic, cuneiform script.
Amazed — Being Beside Yourself (or nuts)
Amber — Fossilized tree resin, the appearance of the Lord, and "absolutely electric"
Angels (and kings)
Antioch and its Patriarchs (Bishops) starting with St Peter. Population at time of Paul ranges from estimates of 300,000 to as high as 800,000, according to Josephus. Known as third city in the Roman empire, after Rome and Alexandria. A major earthquake in 526 with 250,000 killed followed by several more earthquakes that century, devastated the city. Conquered by the Persians in 611, and Saracen Arabs in 637, its population dwindled to that of a small village of 5,000 in 1268. Census showed 34,000 in 1934, 145,000 in 2000, and 220,000 in 2020. Current name is Antakya, overseen by Turkey since 1939.
- List of Patriarchs before 518. Speaking Greek.
- List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs 518–present. After 611, the Patriarch was based in Constantinople. In 1342, speaking Biblical Greek and Arabic, the seat was transferred to Damascus.
Membership 2½ million.
Today's Eastern Orthodox membership (Istanbul-Constantinople) 220 million, 50% in Russia. - List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs 512–present. Speaking Syriac Aramaic. Split after Council of Chalcedon, declaring Christ had "one" divine/human nature. Based mostly 500kms in the east, in Mardin, just north of modern Iraq. Based in Damascus since 1959.
Membership 1.4 million.
Today's Oriental Orthodox membership 60 million, chiefly in Egypt and Ethiopia. - List of Syriac Catholic Patriarchs 1662–present. Speaking Syriac Aramaic. Split with Syriac Orthodox Church seeking closer ties with Rome. Based in Beirut.
Membership 250,000. - List of Maronite Catholic Patriarchs 686–present. Moved to Byblos in northern Lebanon speaking Syriac Aramaic and Arabic. Reconciled with Rome in 1182. Today based in Bkerke, 16 kilometres north of Beirut.
Membership 3½ million. - List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs 1724–present. Speaking Greek and Arabic. Split with Greek Orthodox Church in Damascus, seeking closer ties with Rome.
Membership 1½ million. - List of Latin Patriarchs 1098–1964. The crusades following closures of Latin churches in the
East-West Schism in 1054. After 1268 that followed an Armenian rebellion, when Antioch fell with great bloodshed to Baibars, the sultan of Egypt, the Latin Patriarchs ruled in name only.
Today's Roman Catholic membership 1.3 billion, 48% in the Americas (Brazil, Mexico and USA), 21% in Europe, 18% in Africa, 11% in Asia (Philippines).
April Fools' Day — some historical background
Aramaic — from Aram, son of Shem, and its relationship to Hebrew and Arabic
Archipelago — Latin "Archi Pelagus" is derived from the Greek name for the "Aegean Sea" — "Aegean" based on "Aig(y)es" meaning "Jump" like Goats, or like Waves rushing upon a beach. There are almost 2,500 islands in the Aegean Sea that runs between the east coast of Greece and the west coast of Turkey, starting at the island of Crete in the south.
Ark of the Covenant — its last physical placement. In
Armenia — based on Ararat, and its relationship to Aram, son of Shem
Babylon — as revealed in Wikipedia
Babylon — as revealed in Revelation 17 
Banah — Hebrew word for Build from which comes the words "Ben" (Hebrew) and "Bar" (Aramaic) meaning Son
- Ba'ar — Hebrew word for Declare, Dig (on tablets)
- Related to Beer — Hebrew word for a Well (of Water) Beersheba
- Bara — Hebrew word for Create
- Bar — Hebrew root word for Grain, Corn, Choice, Field, Fat, Soap, Pure and Clean
- Berek — Hebrew word for Knee
- Barak — Hebrew word for Bless (literally to kneel)
- Briyth — Hebrew word for Covenant
- Da — Aramaic word in Daniel for "This" corresponding to Hebrew Zeh
- Dabar — Hebrew word for "Spoke" or "Word". In Greek it was translated as "rhema" when spoken, and as "logos" for God's underlying intimate logic.
Click here to read further thoughts on "Dabar" (or "Rhema"), contrasting it with "Amar" (or "Logos")Psalm 138:2 You have magnified your word (amar) above all your name.
In Latin, "Amar" was "Dicere" and "Dabar" was "Verbum", noting also that in Hebrew the "b" in "dabar" is pronounced as a "v".Click here too for further thoughts on the Greek word Laleo meaning "speak", in Latin translated "Loquor".
Baptism — Dipped in water
Basis — Authoritative place — Bema
Bible — in Greek there are two words for papyrus a material similar to thick paper — πάπυρος papuros, and βίβλος biblos which refers to the inner bark of the papyrus plant. The Greek writer Theophrastus 371BC - 287BC (the successor to Aristotle's school in Athens) used "papuros" when referring to the plant used as a foodstuff and "bublos" for the same plant when used for non-food products, such as cordage, basketry, or a writing surface.
The Greeks and Romans also associated it with the port city of Byblos in Lebanon, a historical center for the distribution of papyrus, called Gebal in Ezekiel 27:9.
Thus it found its way into English in such words as bibliography, bibliophile, and Bible. Click here to see its use in the New Testament.
Bible Timeline — reconciled with Jewish Calendar and James Ussher
Biblical Criticism — Jewish Rabbi on Moses contrasted with Baruch Spinoza Dutch philosopher 1632-1677 and Julius Wellhausen German theologian 1844-1918
- Answers in Genesis — A clear refutation of the "Late-Date" (JEDP) hypothesis
- Book of Numbers — further background.
Bios — and prayer and Jacob wrestling with "the man"
Bishopric from "episkopos" — to oversee. See too Deacon from "diaconus", a "go-between", a servant or minister.
Blessing and Cursing — first mention in scripture
| a word derived from beech-bark German Buch "book" Buche "beech", Timeline (a) Parchment and Papyrus (Pre flood) (b) Wax Tablets using stone and boxwood (Moses and the Prophets) (c) Codex Bound Pages of vellum (animal skin), papyrus or other materials in a single unit by the time of Julius Caesar and the New Testament (d) (e) Birch bark manuscripts in Afghanistan, North-west India, and Russia dating back to the 1st Century AD (f) Palm-leaf manuscripts in India and south-east Asia making them out of dried palm leaves after 900AD Bind them (strips of parchment) to your fingers and write them on the (soft) tablets of your heart |
Book of Jude — some thoughts
Book of Judges and Samuel — Saul and David. Includes a list of judges, a link to a list of high priests, and a reconciliation beween Paul's "450 years of judges" in the Book of Acts, and the Old Testament's "480th year" from the Exodus to Solomon "beginning to build the Lord's house"
Book of Life — What is it? How do I get in it?
Bright Young People — a London Society c.1924-1931
Buddha, Confucius, Seth and Larry — words/last words
Caesar Augustus decree made about 1 BC for the Jewish customs, their holy days, and their "highest god"
Cain and Abel, Enoch and Enosh, Iysh and Ishshah, Adam and Adamah
Calendar History
Canada and US — some history
Canon — in Greek Kanon "any straight rod or bar, rule, standard of excellence" (see Cane (n.)). In Hebrew Qanah means "acquire, fixed in place" with Qanna meaning "jealousy". In classical Latin, "measuring line, rule". In late Latin, "decree of the church, a clergyman living under a rule". From c. 1400 the canon referred to "the Scriptures, the books of the Bible accepted by the Christian church," also extended to secular books of admitted excellence or supremacy.
Catholic from two Greek words "Kata" (through out) and "Holos" (the whole) i.e. universal teachings. First written as a word about 110AD by
The Romans adopted "universus" as its counterpart in Latin — "turned into one" — first used apparently by Cicero 106BC - 43BC in writing about Nature (space and time) "turned into one" entity.
As a side note, when pronouncing the word "Catholic" in other languages, the letter "h" is silent. Except in the original Greek where the "θ" character was written for the "th" sound, it is spelt "Kaθolikos" and pronounced similar to English. It is similar to the Greek word "Θeos" — meaning "God" — which became "Deus" in Latin.
Cave of Shem and Eber — A cave in Safed in Northern Israel attributed to having been used by Shem and Eber to teach the Torah, prior to Moses.
Chapel and Chaplain from the French word for "cape" — story of Martin of Tours, a Roman soldier who cut his cape in two to give to a shivering person and heard the Lord "you have clothed me"
Chess — its Etymology, its Pieces and its Timeline
Chosen (Forever Young)
Christmas Hymns, Carols and Songs
Christopher Columbus — Travelling west to "India" in 1492. Long before Copernicus (1473-1543) Galileo (1564-1642) and Newton (1642-1727) it was known to most scholars that the earth was a sphere.
See Isaiah 40:22 and this quote from Aristotle "it is the sea which divides as it seems the parts beyond India (The Eastern or Pacific Ocean) from those beyond the Pillars of Hercules (The Rock of Gibraltar i.e. The Atlantic Ocean) and prevents the earth from being inhabited all round". Yes, he said it was round.
However the Heliocentric concept of it being a "revolving earth" that travelled around the sun found considerable difficulty countering the mainstream Geocentric concept of it being a "stationary earth" which the sun travelled around instead. This was the teaching developed by the aforementioned Aristotle (384BC-322BC), and also Ptolemy (100AD-170AD). Gradually after Copernicus the heliocentric idea of the earth being a part of the Solar System was accepted as a more scientific explanation, and it has been proved by the space flights of the past century.
Chuck Missler (Chuck Smith, Maranatha Music)
Church, God and Jesus's name in numerous languages.
Cities of Refuge — Asylum — Sanctuary
Classes (in Rome and in France) and Political Parties (in UK, US, and Australia)
Code of Hammurabi — with Hammurabi reigning ca 1792 - 1750BC. His code was inscribed in 282 laws with a prologue and epilogue on a large black stone about 2¼ metres high and nearly 2 metres wide at the base. The stone had a relief drawing of two characters at the top, one of whom is seated and appears to be the sun-god Shemesh/Shamash, or possibly Hammurabi, and underneath about 4000 text characters in 44 columns of ancient Babylonian cuneiform writing. Discovered by a French expedition, at Susa in Iran in December 1901. Currently on display at the Louvre in Paris.
Note, on many levels Hammurabi's laws of penalties were harsh, if a man has stolen goods from a temple, or house, he shall be put to death, and he that has received the stolen property from him shall be put to death. With Moses's law, if the theft was not a big one, the thief simply paid back double.
Congregation, Gathering from the Latin grex — "flock, herd", Greek agros / agra — "field country farm" / "catch (of fish)", egeiro / agora — "arise" / "marketplace", ago or agonia — "brought" or "strife".
Conscience (and Compass) — Morals, ethics, the Latin word con-scientia is a loan-translation of Greek syn-eidesis, literally "with-knowledge (know with oneself)" — knowing what is right or wrong.
See Paul's use of the word in Acts 23:1 "And Paul, earnestly beholding the (Jewish) council, said, Men and brothers, I have lived in all good conscience before God until this day". Later, before Governor Felix in Acts 24:16 "And herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence toward God, and toward men."
The modern Hebrew word for "conscience" and "compass" is מַצְפֵּן (mits-poon). When Hebrew created a word for the physical object called a "compass" – מַצְפֵּן , of the root צ.פ.נ (ts.p.n tsaphan) meaning both "north" (H6828) and "hidden" (H6845) – it employed the same root to create a term for the non-physical entity that guides people towards their destiny, whether good or bad. Used once in the Old Testament in Obadiah 1:6 for Esau's hidden treasure, see Matthew 12:35 Jesus words on (hidden) "treasure of the heart".
Consecrated Life — prayer time with Tony McLennan from Bible League Australia
Constantine — 303-312 AD – 10 years – last and perhaps most terrible of government persecutions of early Church.
Creeds up to the Apostles Creed
Critical Text is followed in most modern New Testament translations. It uses the original Greek based mostly on the 4th century Codex Vaticanus and Sinaiticus as published by Westcott Hort in 1881 — and contrasts, to a small degree, with the KJV (King James Version) and NKJV (New King James Version) that were based on 12th and 15th century Greek texts in the Textus Receptus published by Erasmus in 1516.
With the Old Testament, most modern translations use the
In accordance with Jesus words in
Cromwell and Princess Henrietta Maria and Adolf Hitler
Cross & Crucify — in modern Hebrew, Greek, and Latin
Crucifixion — Timeline of the Last Supper, Jesus's Arrest and the Crucifixion
Day — Yowm and its meaning in Hebrew
Desire — Tsuqa (tesh-oo-ka) in its original sense in the Hebrew refers to the "Legs", the "Streets", "Running after", "Overflowing".
- With regards to Eve towards her man
Gen 3:16 To the woman (isha) he said, I will greatly multiply your grief and your conceiving, in grief you shall bring forth children, and your desire (running) shall be towards your man (iysh), and he shall rule over you (be your boss). - Speaking to Cain about sin
Gen 4:7 If you do well, shall you not be accepted (rise up, have dignity)? and if you do not well, sin lies (as an animal) at the door. And toward you shall be its desire (running), and you shall rule over him (be its boss). - Song of Songs speaking of her Beloved
Sng 7:10 I am my beloved's and his desire (running) is toward me.
Devil — in old English "Deofol", in Gothic "Diabaulus", an agent noun from Greek diaballein "to slander or attack" literally "to throw across," from dia "across, through" + ballein "to throw"
- Related words Satan — the original Hebrew word meaning "the Enemy", employed by Jerome in the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible in 300AD
- Revelation 20:2 And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years.
In this verse, the four words Dragon, Serpent, Devil and Satan are seen to be referring to the same being or person. The word dragon originates from the Greek "drakon" and the Latin "draco" referring to large constricting snakes. In the words "drakon"-dragon and "ophis"-serpent, the emphasis in the Greek language is on the snake's piercing glance. - Demon — written in circ. 1200, "an evil spirit" from Latin daemon and Greek daimōn referring to the lesser "gods" from root *da- "to divide to humans (lots, fortunes, destinies)". Used in Greek by Socrates, Plato and Aristotle when they refer to their individual "spirit guides". Translated once in English in the New Testament as "gods" in Acts 17:18 when the people of Athens spoke of Paul preaching about foreign "daimonions". Everywhere else in the New Testament referred to in the context of "evil (i.e. deceiving) spirits". On the modern Internet, spelt as "daemon" (often pronounced as "day-mons") when referring to unattended background processes that run on computer servers e.g. HTTP (web) daemons and Mail daemons.
Diocese from "dia-oikos" — a managed region
Dispensation — Resources meeting Needs. Basic Economics. Stewardship. Nowhere does it say there are "seven dispensations" Corrie Ten Boom, Tramp for the Lord and China.
Dogs from the Hebrew word "Keleb" — meaning to yelp, to attack (at times weaker defenceless animals), and also by euphemism a mild term for a male prostitute. Because dogs devour dead bodies and lick blood, fierce cruel men are spoken of as dogs. The word in Israel was a term of contempt.
Drinking and Watering cf Blood cf Holy Anointing Oil
Driving on the left side of the road. Before the late 1700s, everyone in Europe used to do it. Why did Europe (and the US)
Early Marriages
in scripture, from Adam and Eve to Abraham and Sarah
Early Numerals and Measurements
East West North and South
Ecclesia — Citizens Assemblies and Early Church — Kyrie and Lord's House — and Peter
Egyptian Hieroglyphs, the loss of understanding, and the Rosetta Stone — The ancient Egyptians used the distinctive script known today as hieroglyphs (Greek for "sacred words") for thousands of years. Hieroglyphs were written on papyrus, carved in stone on tomb and temple walls, and used to decorate many objects for veneration and daily life use. Altogether there are over 700 different hieroglyphs. The last hieroglyphic inscription in Egypt was written in the 5th century AD and for almost 1500 years after that, the language was unable to be read. The Muslims in Egypt employed Arabic, and the Christians employed Coptic, a script based mainly on the Greek alphabet.
In 1799, the Rosetta Stone was discovered in Egypt by Napoleon's troops. Dating to the time of Ptolemy V (ca 200BC) it was a trilingual decree issued by the priests to honour the pharaoh, noting that the Ptolemys (305BC - 30BC) were a Greek royal dynasty who were the final dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs. The decree was written in hieroglyphs, in Greek, and in Demotic. Demotic was a cursive script that added extra letters when the Coptic alphabet was created about 100 AD. The discovery of the Rosetta Stone proved to be a crucial link in unlocking the mysteries of Egyptian hieroglyphs, allowing the modern study of Egyptian language to begin.
Epic of Gilgamesh — First full account discovered in 1853 in Nineveh. It was written in Akkadian script on numerous clay tablets, inside the Royal Library of Ashurbanipal, the last great king of Assyria circa 600BC. Click here for their timeline. The Nineveh record was compiled between 1300BC and 1000BC, apparently from a record in Ur, circa 2020BC. Ur, Abraham's birthplace, is also famous for the Code of Ur-Nammu click here, the oldest known law code surviving today. Gilgamesh himself was said to be a king of Erech who visited Utnapishtim (Noah) who told him about the great flood. The king's plan had been to discover the secret of eternal life, rumoured to have been granted to Noah given his great age at the visit
Epigrams — John Heywood c. 1497 – c. 1580 was an English writer and Catholic who in 1546 published a list of epigrams in English, many derived from the French, which have since become common parlance, see below. He was the grandfather of Church of England cleric John Donne who in 1624 wrote "No man is an island entire of itself … therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee."
A penny for your thought, All is well that ends well, An ill wind that blows no man any good, Beggars should be no choosers, Better late than never, Haste makes waste, I know on which side my bread is buttered, Look ere you leap, Love me, love my dog, No man ought to look a given horse in the mouth, One good turn asks another, Out of sight out of mind, Rome was not built in one day, The fat is in the fire, The more the merrier, This hits the nail on the head, Tread a worm on the tail and it must turn again, Two heads are better than one, What you have, hold, When he should get aught, each finger is a thumb, When the sun shines, make hay, Would you both eat your cake and have your cake?, You cannot see the wood for the trees.
Epipipto — Holy Spirit Embrace
Eternity and Thoughts on 1 John 5
Eucharist from "eucharistia" — to give thanks (in response to being "well-favoured")
Evil — Two words for "evil" in New Testament "Kakos"-kakky injury (badness) and "Poneros"-painful punishing break down (cunning or tricky)
Exodus — 1947 event that inspired a Jewish "happier-ending" book in 1958 and a movie in 1960 starring Paul Newman. In July 1947 a ship, the "SS Exodus" sailed from Sète, 200km west of Marseille in southern France, illegally bound for Haifa in Palestine, with 4,515 Jewish "Displaced Persons" following WW2. The ship was boarded by the British outside Haifa, the Jews transferred to three ships and returned to France, but once there they refused to disembark. Eventually they sailed to Hamburg Germany, under British rule at the time, where they were forced to disembark. The Jews, after screening, were then free to leave, but initially found themselves in "Displaced Persons" camps inside Germany. Worldwide outrage followed, and in November 1947 the declaration of an "Arab" state and a "Jewish" state (Israel) in Palestine that would enable unlimited Jewish immigration into Israel, was voted on and formally adopted by the UN.
...
Kitty I saw the people on that ship.
(nurse)
They're not dangerous. They're just poor, miserable people.
Why can't you let them go?
General You must understand that we British have shown, throughout our history...
Sutherland
...an extraordinary talent for troublesome commitments.
Palestine is a British mandate imposed upon us...
...by the League of Nations...
...which makes us responsible for keeping peace in the area.
The Arabs simply won't keep the peace if we allow further Jewish immigration.
Kitty I don't know much about the mandate.
But I do know the Jews were promised a homeland in Palestine.
General During the First World War,
Britain needed and accepted Jewish support...
...from all over the world.
In return...
...the Balfour Declaration of 1917 made such a promise.
That promise was reconfirmed during World War ll.
This chap Ben Canaan probably wasn't lying when he said he fought with us.
Thousands of Palestinians did.
Kitty How can you promise something and then not deliver it?
General England was fighting for her life in 1917.
Nations are very like people in such circumstances.
They make promises they're not immediately able to fulfill.
During that same crisis, we made the Arabs certain assurances.
Hence, they have their claims, too.
The Arabs are fanatics on the subject of Jewish immigration.
Just now, we need their goodwill.
Kitty -How is it ever going to end? -I don't know.
General
The whole question now is before the United Nations.
I hope they solve it.
The sooner I stop operating detention camps, the happier I'll be.
That goes for every British officer and soldier I know.
Eye has not seen, nor ear heard, neither has entered into the heart of man, the things which God has prepared for them that love him.
Paul is quoting the words of Isaiah 64:4-5 and he is specifically referring to men like Pontius Pilate, see 1Co 2:8, re the princes of this world, none of them could get the handle on this.
Earlier he said "I determined not to know any thing among you, save Jesus Christ, and him crucified. I was with you in weakness, fear, much trembling. My speech, my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, that your faith should not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God."
He follows it by saying "But God has revealed these things to us (that he has prepared) by his Spirit, for the Spirit searches all things, yea, the deep things of God." 1Co 2:10
In modern times there are many evangelists, women like .
Faith — from Hebrews 11:1 Now faith ( "persuadedness of what you expect to happen" "Of practical matters, your conviction about what is not being seen (yet)" for more on "substance" see Hebrews 1:3 below in Latin figura substantiae
in Latin Substantia sperandorum
in Greek Hypostasis elpizomenon
(Present passive participle)
Latin Rerum argumentum non parentum
Greek Pragmaton elegchos (reproof) not blepomenon
His Son is the radiance of his glory, the character (i.e. stamped expression) of his substance
in Greek charakter hypostaseos
Fate — from the Latin word "fatum", ultimately means "Spoken"
Feasts — Feast (literally Appointed Time) of Trumpets
Fees — (and other old Anglo-Saxon words)
Fellowship — Good old 1 Corinthians
Football Timeline — Aussie Rules, Gaelic Football, Grid Iron, Rugby League, Rugby Union, Soccer
Foreknowledge vs Fortune Telling
Four Horsemen, Simon the Pharisee, Judas, and Paul's attitude to taking up a collection
Four Living Creatures, four main tribes (around the tabernacle), and the four points on the Hebrew compass: east (towards the sunrise), south (strong hand on the right), north (hidden covering on the left), and west (the roar, the Mediterranean Sea behind)
Future — its etymology. In modern Hebrew the word is "atiyd" to be made Fit (and ready) for what is coming. Aligned with Love that bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things
Note that in Biblical Hebrew verbs do not have a "Future" tense per se, verbs are perfect (i.e. over and done with), present (as a participle), or imperfect (in some ways a mystery, yet to be worked out).
...
Extract from Hebrew "Vav/Waw" letter (Note: older, Biblical Hebrew did not have "tense" in a temporal sense, "perfect," and "imperfect" instead denoting aspect of completed or continuing action. Modern Hebrew verbal tenses have developed closer to their Indo-European counterparts, mostly having a temporal quality rather than denoting aspect. As a rule, Modern Hebrew does not use the "Vav Consecutive" form.)
Vav at the beginning of the word has several possible meanings:
Gad in the Old Testament, translated as a "Troop" and "Fortune" or even "Daimon" in the Septuagint in Isaiah 65:11
As an actual name, Gad appears 70 times in the Old Testament
- seventh son of Jacob by Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, and full brother of Asher.
- the tribe descended from Gad
- a prophet during the time of David who appears to have joined David when in the hold and then reappears in connection with the punishment for taking a census. He also assisted in the arrangements for the musical service of the "house of God"
Garden Tomb, Calvary, Maps of the old city and Modern Jerusalem
Gehenna — the valley of fire for refuse and dishonoured corpses in the days of Jesus
Genesis 2 and 3 — Nakedness, Smoothness, and Shame
Gentile — A member of a nation-family, in the Latin "gentilis", in the Greek "ethnikos", in the Hebrew "goy". Each society taught that members of its own nation (or family) were normal civilised people, "gentle", "gentlemanly", but members of nations (in general) were outsiders, foreigners, with languages that were "barbaric".
Seen in Genesis 12:2 when God tells Abraham he would make of him a great nation or "goy" גּוֹי 
. Then, in Acts when Paul explained how God had told him to Go, for I will send you far away from here to the "goyim" גּוֹיִים , his inferred rejection of Israel and acceptance of "barbarians" brought a wild reaction from the listeners. Acts 22:21.
George — comes from two Greek words "Ge" meaning "earth" and "Ergon" meaning "work" — the Greek word for a "farmer". St George was a Christian soldier who defied the Emperor Diocletian's edict to recant his faith in 303 and was martyred. He became the patron saint of many countries, including England under King Edward III in 1350. In 1863 George I of Greece (Prince Philip's grandfather) became a popular king after their independence from Turkey, reigning for 50 years.
Glory, Weight, Gravity — Law of Relativity and Four Forces in Physics
Goad — An iron spike, nail at the end of a rod about two or more metres long.
God's 7 Day Week vs Blind Evolution
Greatest Commandment — Love God with Heart, Soul, Mind and Strength
Greek History — Solon's Democracy to Alexander the Great
Happening — stuff that happens to happen to people
Hedonism — from the Greek word "Hedeos", translated as "Mint, Pleasure, Gladness" see James 4:3 "You ask make your case, cause and receive not, because you ask badly, in order to spend it on your sweet-stuff".
Homosexual, first used as a word about 1880
On a somewhat related issue, click here for some statistics on sex abnormalities in DNA, ones that do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies.
Click here for an authoritative Q&A on HIV/AIDS.
Horse — Hebrew meaning is "Skip" (for joy). Top speed about 88 kph. Ridden by cavalry and charioteers, the wealthy, the nobles, and the King in Old Testament times and also in the Book of Revelation.
Ass or donkey — Beasts of burden. Top speed about 24 kph. Ridden by Jesus when he entered Jerusalem.
Host from "hostia" — holy victim/stranger/sacrifice
contrast with the other meaning of "Host" — from "hospes" — showing hospitality to strangers or guests
Hudson Taylor — Missionary to China. Referred to as the Father of modern missions. While stressing the need to preach widely, Hudson Taylor urged local churches to establish and mature, for church buildings to be of Chinese not foreign design.
Human — Early use of the pronouns "he" and "she", semen and sperm, hormones, and bacteria colonies in the gut
Humour, from Latin humor ‘moisture’, 'bodily fluids' changing in the late 16th century to its modern meaning where "humoring someone" means "providing amusement, teasing and sport"
Hur, Bible men in the Background
Identity based on French Identité (14c.) from the Latin words "ibidem" and "idem" meaning "It is the same"
India — its ancient name "Bhaa-rat" as written in eight of its most widely spoken languages and their background
- Timeline — India History
- Presidencies — Background to England's Presidents, Residents, and Governors in
India 1612 - 1947
Inflation — its History
Japanese — some background to their scripts
Jealousy — Zeal — Envy — Qanna (Hebrew) and Zelos (Greek)
Jeremiah 29 and living in Babylon
Jerusalem — its History with maps to the "Old City", plus extra sketches of Herod's Temple.
Jesus's Family — Cousins,Aunties
Jesus Life on Earth 2 BC — 31 AD
- Jews have historically used Hebrew patronymic names, following the first name by either ben- or bat- ("son of" / "daughter of", respectively). In Aramaic a son's first name would be followed by bar- ("son of") — see Jesus's famous words to Peter in Matthew 16:17, calling him Simon Bar-Jonah (son of Jonah).
- Permanent family surnames were established by Sephardic Jews in 10th or 11th century Iberia (Spain), and by Ashkenazi Jews in Germany, Northern France, Eastern Europe and Russia in the late 18th century when the law was passed requiring the adoption of permanent surnames. Similar laws were passed in other countries.
- Since 1948, many Jews who returned to Israel have chosen to Hebraize their surname in the process.
Keep — Guard — Being responsible — Shamar
Kisses and other interesting subjects
Knights and their fame as the Knights Templar in Jerusalem and Europe starting in 1119. Followed by the legend of Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table in 1155.
Kyrie — It's Christmas, so I just updated my page on Kyrie Eleison and that old chap, Cyrus, with some extra background.
Lawrence of Arabia — TE Lawrence (1888 - 1935), a "James Bond" character who was a British Intelligence Army Officer in Cairo, Aqaba, and Damascus during WW1 (1915 - 1918).
Let's Go Dancing — Choros
Logos (original meaning) — The Divine Intimate Reason implicit in the cosmos, ordering it and giving it form and meaning.
The idea of the logos in Greek thought harks back at least to the pre-Socratic philosopher Heraclitus, who discerned in the cosmic process a Logos analogous to the reasoning power in humans. The Greek Stoics defined the Logos as an active rational and spiritual principle that permeated all reality, calling it Providence, Nature, God and the Soul of the universe, with many seminal logoi that are contained in the universal Logos.
In the last book click here for the 12 verses (14 times) the name "Jesus" (the Logos of God) appears in Revelation.
Logos (Loyalty) and other derived English terms — Law, Love Life Left (weakness) and Lift, Lever
Love and Truth and Marriage (and soul and spirit)
Lucifer's name — from Isaiah 14:12 "king of Babylon" plus
- In Hebrew the words are "Helel Ben Sahar" meaning "Shining, Son of the Morning"
- In Greek the words are "Eosphoros, ho Proi Anatellon" meaning "Dawn-Bearer, the Early Rising"
- In Latin the words are "Lucifer, Qui Mane Oriebaris" meaning "Light-Bearer, Who (in the) Morning did Arise"
Marriage and Betrothal — Its meaning and its history in early scripture, in modern Israel, in England, and Australia
Mass from "Dismissal" — Go forth
Mention from the Latin word "mens, mentis" and the Greek word "mneia" — the mind. Click here for Paul's use of the word in his prayers for the church. Click here for all New Testament related words "memories, remembrances, even sepulchres and tombs" — the "redeemed" past that is ever present in God, in his unchanging nature. Jesus Christ, the redeemer, the same yesterday, today, and
- "Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin" — Counting, Counted, Weighed, Divisions. A prophecy by Daniel over the "Writing on the Wall" drawn by a man's hand at the close of Babylon's Empire.
Note, the Persians do not appear to have given much importance to Darius the Mede who is recorded in the scriptures as taking the city. He appointed 120 satraps (protectors / governors) and made Daniel a chief emir or president. It could be Darius the Mede was an embarrassment in Persian history — after the event in the lions' den he gave major acknowledgement to Daniel and the God of Daniel and the Jews. Persian history was accordingly altered to fit the historians preferred view (similar to the removal in Egyptian history of all records of the Exodus).
Click here for its place in human history, that aligns with the scriptures.
- Click here for a full list of modern words derived from the ancient word "mene"
Summarized with Four Meanings
- Mind (Monitor)
- Projecting (Mountain, Amount)
- Remaining (Manor, Manse)
- Isolated (Monastery, Ministry)
- More Mn Words
- Mamona — Mammon, Big "Mama", Physical Wealth
- Measurement timeline commencing with Am-mah — Hebrew unit of measurement translated as "Cubit" (by the Romans), as "Mehi" (by Egyptians), and as "Ell" (by the Vikings and the Germans). It was about 46 cms (18 inches), or an "Elbow" length to the tip of the finger. A short cubit (to the wrist) was 34 cms (13 inches).
- Mona — in Arabic and Persian ("Moon" in old English)
- Money — in the New Testament
Mishneh based on Shanah — Second Part of Jerusalem, Copy (of the Law), Study by Repetition, Double
Mishnah also refers to the Second (or Oral) Law. It was codified by
Motoring History — Motor Cars and Petrol
- Early History — Ten Motor Car Photos from 1885-1927
- Filling Stations — Various Names for Petroleum Benzin, Benzina, Moto Essence, Petrol,
Gasoline - Current Status — Australia and Worldwide Petrol and Diesel, Electric and Hybrid
Mt Sinai — The Law, and That Fellowship Issue - Good old 1 Corinthians
Music — its pentatonic, diatonic and chromatic scales, Chinese musicology, and A440 — the audio frequency reference presently used for orchestra tuning. What does all that mean ?
Musical Timeline — Do-Re-Mi Notes Clefs and Staff
Myers Briggs Psychological Types and Work Place Stats
Nicodemus, Nicolas of Antioch, Nicolaus of Damascus, and Nicolaitans
Numbers and Measurements
Nun from "nana" — a term of family affection for an older lady
Offerings — Five Offerings in Leviticus
Paradise and the Third Heaven
Parish from "para-oikos" — the administrative "part" of a diocese (or bishopric) that has its "own building" (or church).
- Click here for Parish vs Bishopric - What's the difference?
- Click here for Parson vs Vicar - What's the difference?
Passion — Suffering — Feeling Under Pressure — Pascho and Pascha
Passover — its layout and its dates in Israel in 2022
Paul Brand and "Granny" Brand (and pain and Cain and Abel)
Paul's Missionary Journeys one per map plus a full map with original Bible names
Peace — Irony — Shalom (Hebrew) and Eirene (Greek)
Person — Derived from the Latin word "Persona"-the appearance (or mask) that one speaks through. It was used to translate the Greek word Prosopon in the New Testament, and in English translated as "Face", also "Presence" and "Countenance". Click here for those NT verses on God not having any "Personal Favorites" when it comes to peoples outward show.
A related word "Individual" meaning a single human being, from Latin "individualis"-indivisible, came into use in English about 1640.
Pneumatikos vs Psuchikos — Spiritual vs Natural
Polynesia — Micronesia, Melanesia, and Indonesia
Priest — in old English "Preost" is related to the French word "Provost" (where the v is pronounced as a w), and the High German word "Probost". Both are related to the Latin word "Praepositus" — Front Row (Forward) and the Greek word "Presbus" — "Pres" (Front) and "Bu" (ox) — (an Ox) leading the way. From which we also derive the word "Presbyterian", normally translated in English as Elder. In the Vulgate Bible the Latin word "Senior" was used, their word for an Elder or Older man.
Priest in Old Testament Hebrew (and translated in the Greek Septuagint as "Hiereus") is the word "Kohen" — Officer (of God), a title conferred on Melchizedek in early Jerusalem at the time of Abraham, Jethro in Midian at the time of Moses, and then on Aaron (Moses's older brother) and his descendants.
Priest in New Testament Greek is the word Hiereus from "Hieros" — Holy One — the one who points the way to connectedness or Wholeness (Holiness). In the Latin Vulgate the word "Sacerdos" was used, for the one who did Holy or Sacred Acts. See too Hierosolyma — Jerusalem, "Pointing the Way out to Peace" from the Hebrew words "Yara" and "Shalom". Also Hieron, the "Holy Temple" (contrasted with Hagion, the "Holy Place").
"High" Priest is Archiereus — Actions of Piety of Christ in Hebrews 5
Prophet — based on the Greek word Prophetes used to mean an inspired speaker or poet. The word "fate" also comes from the base of this word, and many words relating to speech and enlightenment such as fame, fantasy, fairy, pant, epiphany, phenomenon, phase, emphasis, phantom, phone, photo, beacon, banner, banish, and even blame click here.
The equivalent Hebrew word is Nabi or Navi and the plural noun is Neviim
Psalm 137:9 — Devastation — Dashing little ones upon the rocks
Publicans, and Harlots — the definitive statement
Python — from Greek word "Putho" - to enquire. Related via Latin to the words "putrid" and "ponder" and "foundation". Also a place, later called Delphi, an ancient sanctuary in Greece where people sought out oracles. And an evil spirit, as seen in
Rabbis and Princes and Scribes and Pharisees — The Jewish Council — protecting the Law and all the Traditions of Judaism over the past 2,000 years
Religion — according to Cicero in Rome 106BC - 43BC, Again Read (Relegere in Latin) from a platform (pulpit) the links joining the human with the divine. Select Carefully. See too Ligare in Latin - bind.
Translated as Threskos in Greek (trembling) from throeo, trouble and tribulation (throeomai-wailing).
Noting James 1:26-27 Those who consider themselves religious and yet do not keep a tight rein on their tongues deceive themselves, and their religion is worthless. Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to visit the fatherless and the widows in their affliction (i.e. trouble) and to keep oneself unspotted by the cosmos (world).
and Colossians 2:18 Do not let anyone who delights in self-abasement and religion (worship) of the angels disqualify you. Such a person also goes into great detail about what they have seen, they are puffed up for no reason by their fleshly mind.
Religious Affiliations in Australia 2016
Repentance — A Changed Worldview — Nacham (Hebrew) and Metanoia (Greek)
Reprove and Rebuke — in the definition of Faith — the substance of things being hoped for, the reproof of things not being seen.
Righteous among the Nations — the story of Miep Gies (and Anne Frank)
"Risen" — the movie
Sacrifice from "sacred" and "facere" — to make sacred for God
in Greek "thusos" — smoke and fire
School — its etymology
See — five shades of meaning
- and the Faces of the Four Living Creatures in Revelation 4, Ezekiel 1:10, and Ezekiel 10:14
- and the layout of the tribes in Numbers 2 to the East, South, West, and North.
Sevens and Sixes (in Hebrew) — and the Sabbath rest
Seven Churches in Revelation
Seven Spirits in the Book of Revelation and in
The first spirit is the Spirit of Jehovah (God) followed by three couplets representing the Future (Wisdom and Understanding), the Present (Counsel and Might), the Past (Knowledge and of Fear of the Lord).
- In Zechariah 6, Zechariah sees Four Spirits of the Heavens, on horses having similar colours to the Four Horsemen in Revelation 6.
Click here for further thoughts on the Four Seals Table.
Sex without Commitment verses in the Old Testament — translated as harlot, whoredom, fornication in old King James English. Note that H6948 sacred (female) and H6945 (male) prostitutes in Genesis 38:21 and Deuteronomy 23:17 refers to those literally "set apart".
Shekinah — According to that link, the Hebrew noun Shekinah is an abstract noun from the verb shakan, "to dwell, rest". It is a central term and concept in rabbinic literature, expressing God's presence in the Temple and with his people. Click here for its use as a verb in the Old Testament, particularly Exodus 25:8 and its use of H4720 and H6948 to refer to a sacred place or sanctuary literally "set apart".
Sins and Trespasses and Debts
- Sins (not doing what I should) — Chata in Hebrew and Hamartia in Greek. Meaning "to miss the mark", with its additional meaning of a "Sin offering".
- Trespasses (the mirror image, or doing what I should not) — Asham in Hebrew and Paraptoma in Greek. Meaning "have a side-slip", "commit an offence", or "fall away". The French word "Trespasser" meaning to Pass across or Enter (a place) unlawfully, was first attested in forest laws of Scottish Parliament c. 1455.
Click here for further background to the Hebrew word "asham", with its additional meanings of "Guilt offering".Note, the etymology of the English word "Ashamed" is thought by many to be derived from an ancient word "skem" or "kem" meaning "covering". With the Hebrew word "asham" also requiring "physical covering" in Genesis 3:7 and Genesis 3:21, the link between the words is too obvious to be simply a coincidence. See too these variations on "shame" aischun in the Biblical Greek in the New Testament. Today the word is pronounced as "aischos" (ay-skos) in Modern Greek.
- Debts (owing and being owed) — from the root word Opheilo in Greek, as used in the Lord's Prayer, forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. Regarding the word "debts" in Matthew 6:12 becoming "trespasses" in
Matthew 6:14-15 (in Hebrew "asham", in English "sham" and probably "scam") Jesus's accompanying statement shows the words meant the same.
Skateboarding (and e-scooters)
Slave has its origins in the word Slav. The Slavs, who inhabited a large part of Eastern Europe, were taken as slaves by the Muslims of Spain during the ninth century AD. The word became "sclavus" in Medieval Latin, and "esclave" in French, with Shakespeare popularizing "slave" in English through his numerous plays. While it is commonly used in modern translations of the Bible, the King James Version uses it just twice click here for the references, preferring the terms "servant" and "bond-servant" instead.
South Africa timeline, "Amazing Grace", anti-slavery, Mr Hitler, and Nelson Mandela
Swearing an Oath — Shaba (Hebrew) and Horkos (Greek)
Synagogue is a Greek word meaning literally "place of assembly".
- Israelis use the Hebrew term "beyt knesset" meaning "house of assembly". with the term "kenesa" also used, derived from old Aramaic.
- Ashkenazi Jews have traditionally used the Yiddish term "shul" (cognate with the German Schule, 'school') in everyday speech, originally a Greek word.
- Some Reform Jews use the word "temple", originally a Latin word, in Hebrew "
ha-kal ", probably based onya-kol , "having the capacity".
The Greek word synagogue is used in English to cover all of the preceding possibilities.
Tabernacle and the Temple in the days of Solomon, Zerubbabel and Herod
- What was the significance of the temple veil
Table of Nations Josephus and World's Nations Today
Talmud from Lamad — teach, train or learn, and Malmad — ox goad
Tartarus — A Greek word, not found in the Hebrew, used by Peter in 2 Peter 2:4 and used twice in the Greek translation of the Old Testament, known as the Septuagint.
Taxes — History in Australia and Worldwide.
Temptation — being stressed, pierced to the limits.
Terah — Father of Delay
Terra Nullius — its background
- Terra is the Latin word for land (in general)
- Territorium is more specifically, the Latin word for the land around (or sometimes within) the boundaries of a town i.e. its territory
- In 1888 "Territorium Nullius" - nobody's territory - was first used as a Latin expression at the Berlin conference in Germany in reference to unclaimed territory around settlements in Africa
- In 1909 "Terra Nullius" - nobody's land - referred to an unclaimed polar region known as Svalbard by Camille Piccioni. Today polar regions are the subject of ongoing disputes by Russia, Canada, Denmark and Norway
- In 1992 "Terra Nullius" became a straw man argument made by Eddie Mabo's lawyers with specific reference to the Torres Straits Islands, claiming that the Queensland Government in 1971 had used the context of "Crown Land" to infer a prior "Terra Nullius" or "Nobody's Land" situation was applicable when James Cook made that declaration in 1770 at Cape York "claiming the territory of New South Wales in the name of the British Crown". But the land was occupied.
So as a "straw man" argument in 1992, it could immediately be demolished by lawyers.
However, back in 1770 the British Empire, the French Empire, the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire, etc were major world-wide institutions. The British Government knew that the occupants of the land were entitled to Common law rights, and that Cook's declaration would inevitably involve granting them their rights. The situation then was more complicated than a Polar region "Terra Nullius"
The Trinity — thoughts on the nature of the Godhead expressed in three passages:
- 1 Corinthians 8:6 To us there is one God (Deus), the Father, out of whom (ex) are all things, and we (are made) for him; and one Lord (Dominus) Jesus Christ, through whom (dia) are all things, and we through him.
- Ephesians 2:18 For through Jesus we both Jews and Gentiles have access in one Spirit to the Father.
- 1 John 5:7 For there are three that bear testimony in heaven, the Father, the Word (Logos), and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one.
The World and further thoughts on
U235 and U238 in Uranium — some basic notes
US and Canada — some history
Wealth — better than any sermon, that conversation on wealth between Luke Skywalker and Han Solo in the first Star Wars — A New Hope.
Suddenly Artoo begins to whistle and beep a blue streak.
Luke goes over to him.
LUKE
What is it?
THREEPIO
I'm afraid I'm not quite sure, sir.
He says "I found her", and keeps
repeating, "She's here."
LUKE
Well, who... who has he found?
Artoo whistles a frantic reply.
THREEPIO
Princess Leia.
LUKE
The princess? She's here?
HAN
Princess? What's going on?
THREEPIO
Level five. Detention block A A-twenty-
three. I'm afraid she's scheduled to
be terminated.
LUKE
Oh, no! We've got to do something.
HAN
What are you talking about?
LUKE
The droid belongs to her. She's the
one in the message... We've got to
help her.
HAN
Now, look, don't get any funny ideas.
The old man wants us to wait right
here.
LUKE
But he didn't know she was here.
Look, will you just find a way back
into the detention block?
HAN
I'm not going anywhere.
LUKE
They're going to execute her. Look,
a few minutes ago you said you didn't
want to just wait here to be captured.
Now all you want to do is stay.
HAN
Marching into the detention area is
not what I had in mind.
LUKE
But they're going to kill her!
HAN
Better her than me...
LUKE
She's rich.
Chewbacca growls.
HAN
Rich?
LUKE
Yes. Rich, powerful! Listen, if you
were to rescue her, the reward would
be...
HAN
What?
LUKE
Well more wealth that you can imagine.
HAN
I don't know, I can imagine quite a
bit!
LUKE
You'll get it!
HAN
I better!
LUKE
You will...
HAN
All right, kid. But you'd better be
right about this.
Han looks at Chewie, who grunts a short grunt.
LUKE
All right.
HAN
What's your plan?
LUKE
Uh... Threepio, hand me those binders
there will you?
Luke moves toward Chewbacca with electronic cuffs.
LUKE
Okay. Now, I'm going to put these on
you.
Chewie lets out a hideous growl.
LUKE
Okay. Han, you put these on.
Luke sheepishly hands the binders to Han.
HAN
Don't worry, Chewie. I think I know
what he has in mind.
The Wookiee has a worried and frightened look on his face as
Han binds him with the electronic cuffs.
THREEPIO
Master Luke, sir! Pardon me for
asking... but, ah... what should
Artoo and I do if we're discovered
here?
LUKE
Lock the door!
HAN
And hope they don't have blasters.
THREEPIO
That isn't very reassuring.
…
Click here for the entire script. Use Ctrl-F to find specific lines
Week — in major languages worldwide.
- Click here for the days of the week in the English, Greek Orthodox, Hebrew, Arabic and Kurdish calendars.
Westminster Confession — in England's Parliament, written in 1646, that was designed to reform the Church of England
"There is no other Lord of the church but the Lord Jesus Christ.
Nor can the pope of Rome in any sense be head thereof, but is that Antichrist, man of sin, son of perdition (ruin), that exalts himself in the church against Christ and all that is called God."
And thus since 1701, all British monarchs have been required to be in communion with the Church of England (and not with the Church of Rome). However, Prince Charles, who has made comments about being "Defender of faiths" rather than "faith" has seen a new change in 2015, in which spouses of Roman Catholics are now eligible to become monarch.
Willing 2 Peter 3:9 God is not slow concerning his promise but long suffering toward us, not wanting (advising, disposed) that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance ("change of nous"). Contrast that Greek word for "Wanting and advising" (Boule) with "Delighting and choosing" (Thelo).
In Hebrew "Willing, Delight, Acceptable" are translated abah Aw-baw, hapes Khaw-fates, and ratson raw-tsone. In the West many are conscious of reaping from what we sow, of cause and effect, Greek word Aiteo Ask, case, accusation, causing bringing about (eventually) the desired effect.
Click here for a Chinese article on these words. In the East the language tends towards "Evolutionary Growth", "Fixed Castes" and "Inevitability", language that has been foreign to Judaeo-Christian thinking over the past 4,000 years.
Wisdom vs Knowledge and James 4
World Religions — Colossians 1:15-18, Colossians 2:6-23, Romans 1:28 and Apollos
Yin and Yang in Chinese registers — plus the four tones in Mandarin
FYI, if you use an iPhone and you click on the icon and the website forvo.com just hangs there, you may need to clear your website history and data. This should also improve Safari's performance.
To do this
1. On the iPhone, select Settings, then select Safari. Tap the link Clear History and Website data.
2. Turn off your iPhone, then turn it on again.
** End of List